![]() All operating room personnel must perform a surgical scrub.instruments, needles, sutures, dressings, covers, solutions) used in the operating room must be sterile. Operating room personnel must practice strict standard precautions (i.e.Asepsis and Bacteriology: A Realignment of Surgery and Laboratory Science. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Kennedy, 2013 Infection Control Today, 2000 ORNAC, 2011 Perry et al., 2014 Rothrock, 2014.Just as these principles help to maintain sterility in medical surgical procedures of any kind, there are specific methods that help maintain sterility in the performance of almost any procedure in medicine, from hand washing, to the placement of gloves, the correct dress, among others. Those considered non-sterile and those considered non-sterile can only pass through the non-sterile environment.ġ0-The skin can not be completely sterilized, so it is considered non-sterile.ġ1-Take care not to compromise the sterility of the sterile field, not reach objects by leaning over the field, keep non-sterile objects far from the field, and take care not to sneeze, cough or talk over the sterile field. For this, it must be verified that it is properly sealed and that its sterility expiration date is in order.Ģ-Any sterile object, becomes a non-sterile object when touched by a non-sterile object.ģ-Any sterile object whose location is below the level of the waist, is considered a non-sterile object.Ĥ-Any sterile object or sterile field out of sight, is considered not sterile.ĥ-Any sterile object can become non-sterile if they are exposed for a long time in a sterile field, because they are exposed to airborne microorganisms.Ħ-If there is any perforation, tearing or moisture in any sterile barrier, it can no longer be considered sterile.ħ-After placing a sterile field, at least 1 inch around the edge is considered non-sterile.Ĩ-If there is any doubt about the sterility of an object, then it is considered non-sterile.ĩ-People consider sterile and objects considered sterile should only go with the sterile environment. To achieve this, the principles of asepsis listed below must be met:ġ-All objects that are in a sterile area must be sterile. The practice of asepsis, especially in surgery, requires the preoperative sterilization of the operating room and all the surgical equipment and instruments to be used, to avoid transoperative infections and the consequent protection of the wound until its definitive resolution. In medicine, sterilization techniques and methods are used whenever a procedure requires the loss of the integrity of the skin, forming a gateway for microorganisms to enter the body. The principles of asepsis are more commonly used in operating rooms, delivery rooms or when performing a procedure in the hospital bed that requires the greatest sterility possible, such as the placement of a chest tube, the taking of a central line, placement of a urethral catheter, among others. ![]() In 1867, Joseph Lister published a paper in which he proposed to clean the wounds with carbolic acid. ![]() Pasteur also discovered that the heat killed these microorganisms, and that it was only necessary to prevent new microorganisms from entering after eliminating them to avoid putrefaction. In 1857, Pasteur He showed when studying the fermentation, that the presence of bacteria and microorganisms, and their reproduction in number, produced putrefaction. Subsequently, Phillipe Ignace Semmelweis, noted that the rate of death from puerperal fever was directly proportional to the number of interventions where the doctor did not wash their hands previously and ordered the installation of sinks at the entrances to the operating rooms for all medical personnel. ![]() Joseph Clarke in 1790, discovered the relationship of puerperal deaths with the poor hygiene of the precincts destined for motherhood, thus ordering the exhaustive cleaning of those enclosures. The pattern of communication between the interior and exterior of the human body began to be felt, with the onset of fevers that normally culminated in the death of the patient. How did the asepsis come about?įrom the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, deaths due to systemic infections after injuries, surgical interventions or in the immediate postpartum period were very numerous. It provides all health care users with all the necessary objects and materials, in optimal conditions for their use. The main objective of asepsis is to reduce the risk of disease transmission in hospital centers, especially in the surgical area. The term asepsis should not be confused with the term antisepsis, which although they go hand in hand, the latter refers to the disinfection process of an organism previously infected with living pathogenic microorganisms.
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